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Fireground Operations & Tactics » Technical Reports

Apartment Complex Fire, 66 Units Destroyed (Seattle, WA - September 1991) » Fire Spread

Once the fire broke out of the apartment of origin, it spread extremely rapidly -- so fast that fire officials considered the fire suspicious at first and called in the federal Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) Bureau to investigate.

The fire occurred at the end of an unusually hot end-ofsummer day. The sun had shone all day on the south end of the building where the apartment of origin was. The entire preceding month also had been unusually dry. The wood was dry.


A light breeze was blowing, which aided the spread of the fire.

The fire coming out of the broken front bedroom window initially impinged on the base of the brick decorative fascia that separated segments of the cedar screen running up the face of the balconies. The screen was comprised of vertical 2x6’s. It soon ignited and acted as a path for the fire to quickly extend vertically up the entire 40-foot face of the screen, and also horizontally across the screen. The fire also quickly ignited the cedar siding and cedar underside of the walkway ceilings. The fire spread both east and west on the face of the building.

The fire continued to spread throughout the event along the cedar screens, walkway ceilings and the siding. Units were ignited primarily by radiation through their windows rather than through the walls of neighboring units or through ceilings between units.

As units became involved in the building of origin, fire spread through them from the front to the rear of the building - the pool-side interior of the complex. It spread along the rear (courtyard) side as well as the front side. The fire spread from Building C to Buildings B and D.

One tenant (Ms. Hall-Austin) was quoted in the Seattle newspaper as seeing smoke “curling like a tornado” when she opened her front door to the short hallway. As she carried her 5-year-old to the stairway and ran down, “flames exploded along the wall.” Another tenant expressed disbelief that flames could spread that fast. “It just went swoosh,” said Claudette Williams.2 She then caught a 5-6-year-old boy who was dropped to her from a second floor balcony.

Next » Escape

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