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Wildfire » Technical Reports

East Bay Hills Fire (Oakland-Berkely, CA - October 1991) » Analysis - Evacuation

The fire burned along the north face of Temescal Canyon faster than any kind of organized evacuation could be implemented. The fire swept through areas, particularly the Hiller Highlands complex, and residents had to flee as the fire ignited around them; several died in the process. Firefighters attempted to direct residents out of the fire’s path, in some cases as they themselves were retreating from the advancing flames. Police officers were also dispatched to the area to assist in warning and evacuating residents in the path of the fire. The police officer and the fire department Battalion Chief who died in the fire were both attempting to rescue residents and were overrun by the fire in the narrow streets of the hillsides.


As more resources were assembled and the rate of spread of the fire decreased, there was more time to plan and organize evacuations from areas in its path. Several of the flatland areas were planned for evacuation, and emergency shelters were opened to accommodate the displaced occupants.

The population of the areas evacuated on the day of the fire is estimated in the range of 20,000 to 30,000. Many of these residents were unable to return to their homes for several days due to the continuing fire threat, as well as interruptions in electrical, gas, and water service and blocked streets. There were some reports of looting in the evacuated areas, in spite of a heavy commitment of law enforcement personnel to secure the perimeter.

With over 3,000 dwelling units destroyed or heavily damaged, finding shelter and providing emergency assistance for the homeless was a major concern. These functions were assigned to the local emergency preparedness agencies, assisted by the California Office of Emergency Services and Federal Emergency Management Agency personnel.

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